What might be a complication of malnutrition in older adults?

Malnutrition in older adults can significantly impair the body's ability to function and maintain health. One of the most critical complications associated with malnutrition is a higher risk of infection. This occurs because malnutrition adversely affects the immune system, leading to decreased immune response and increased susceptibility to infections. Essential nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals, are vital for the optimal function of immune cells; when these nutrients are lacking, the body's defenses are weakened.

In contrast, improved immune function or higher muscle mass would not typically result from malnutrition. In fact, malnourished individuals often experience the opposite: compromised immune responses and reduced muscle mass due to protein deficiency. Similarly, cognitive ability can decline due to malnutrition rather than improve, as adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining brain health and function in older adults. Thus, the correct identification of a higher risk of infection as a complication of malnutrition highlights the critical role that nutrition plays in overall health, particularly in the elderly population.